What is Arduino Uno? Arduino Uno Projects and Use Explained for Beginners

 If you like tinkering with electronics but  lack of knowledge preventing you from making a start then Arduino is the solution

What is Arduino?

The Arduino Uno is an open-source electronic prototyping board which can be programmed with an easy to use IDE. 

Arduino consists of physical programmable circuit board and a software or IDE. The Arduino uses simplified version of C++.

UNO is one of the most popular boards of Arduino family and great choice for beginners.

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What's on Arduino UNO board

1. USB connector
2. Power port
3. Microcontroller
4. Analog input pins
5. Digital pins
6. Reset switch
7. Crystal oscillator 
8. USB interface chip
9. TX RX LED's 

Get to know about components

1. USB controller

             This USB port is used to load program from Arduino IDE to Arduino board also it helps to power the board.

2. Power Port 

           The Arduino board can be powered through a AC to DC adapter or battery. The power source can be connected by plugging 2.1 mm centre positive plug into the power jack of board 

3. Microcontroller

         It is the most prominently visible black rectangular chip with 28 pins. It can be called as brain of Arduino. The microcontroller used on UNO boards is ATmega328P

ATmega328P has following components in it 

• Flash memory of 32kb
• RAM of 2kb 
• CPU
• Electrically Erasable Program Read Only Memory (EEPROM) 

4. Analog input pins

           ATmega328P is pre-programmed with bootloader. This allows you to directly upload a new Arduino program into the device. The UNO board has 6 analog input pins. This pins can read the signal from analog sensor and convert to digital signal. This pins just measure voltage and not current.

5. Digital pins

           You can find the pins labelled " Digital 0 to 13". The pins can either used as input or output pins. When digital pins are used as output pins, they supply 40 Milli amp of current at 5 volt . More than enough to light LED.

6. Reset switch

        When this switch is clicked, it sends a logical pulse to the reset pin of microcontroller and now runs the program again from the start . This can be very useful if your code doesn't repeat, and you want to test it multiple times.

7. Crystal oscillator

        It has a quartz crystal oscillator which ticks 16 million times a second. On each tick, the microcontroller performs one operation, For eg. Addition, Subtraction, etc.

8. USB Interface chip

        Think of this as a signal translator. It converts signal in the USB level to a level that an Arduino UNO board understands

9. TX RX LED indicator

        TX stands for transmit and RX for receive. These are indicator LED'S which blink whenever the UNO board is transmitting or receiving data

Arduino projects for beginners

Now as you have came to know about the Arduino. You can build up your own projects with it. Such as

• Arduino Distance Measurement 
• Date and time display
• Fire detector
• Gas and smoke detector 
• Motion sensor

                                         

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